Performance¶
Below are performance measurements of each augmenter for image
augmentation (augment_images()
), heatmap augmentation
(augment_heatmaps()
) and keypoint/landmark augmentation
(augment_keypoints()
). (Last updated for 0.3.0
)
System: The numbers were computed based on a haswell-generation i7 3.2Ghz CPU with DDR3 memory. That is a rather dated system by today’s standards. A modern, high-end system should achieve higher bandwidths.
All experiments were conducted using python 3.7 and numpy 1.17.0. Note that the precise python/numpy version can have significant impact on your performance.
Experiments Settings: All augmenters were run with reasonable parameter
choices that should reflect expected real-world usage, while avoiding too
simple parameter values that would lead to inflated scores. Some parameter
choices are listed below, the remaining ones can be looked up in
measure_performance.py
. Kernel sizes were all set to 3x3
, unless
otherwise mentioned. The inputs focused on a small and large image-size
setting, using 64x64x3
and 224x224x3
as the respective sizes. The base
image was taken from skimage.data.astronaut, which should be a representative
real-world image. Batch sizes of 1
and 128
were tested. Each augmenter
was run at least 40
times on the generated input and the average of the
measured runtimes was computed to derive bandwidth in mbit per second and th
raw number of augmented items (e.g. images) per second.
Results Overview¶
From the results, the following points can be derived.
Inputs:
- Use large batch sizes whenever possible. Many augmenters are significantly faster with these.
- Large image sizes lead to higher throughput based on mbit/sec. Smaller images lead to lower throughput, but significantly more items/sec (roughly 4-10x more). Use small images whenever possible.
- For keypoint-based and heatmap-based augmentation, try to increase the
number of items per augmented instance. E.g.
augment_keypoints()
accepts a list ofKeypointsOnImage
instances, with each such instance representing the keypoints on an image. Try to place for each image all keypoints in the respectiveKeypointsOnImage
instance instead of splitting them into multiple such instances (which would be more work anyways). The same is true for bounding boxes, heatmaps and segmentation maps. - Keypoint- and heatmap-based inputs are only affected by augmenters that
change the geometry of the image (e.g.
Crop
orAffine
). Other augmenters are essentially free to execute as they do not perform any changes. - Keypoint-based augmentation is very fast for almost all augmenters,
reaching several 100k keypoints per second. Slower augmenters are
ElasticTransformation
andPiecewiseAffine
, as these currently have to fall back to image-based algorithms.
Parameter choices:
- When possible, nearest neighbour interpolation or linear interpolation
should be used as these are significantly faster than other options. Most
augmenters that use interpolation offer either an
order
parameter (0=nearest neighbour, 1=linear) or aninterpolation
parameter (“nearest”, “linear”). - Using
keep_size=True
is the default setting in all augmenters that change image sizes. It is convenient, as it ensures that image sizes are not altered by the augmentation. It does however incur a significant performance penalty, often more than halving the bandwidth. Trykeep_size=False
when possible. You can still resize images manually after augmentation or by usingKeepSizeByResize(Sequential(<augmenters>))
. - When augmenters offer modes to fill newly created pixels in user-defined
ways (e.g.
pad_mode=constant
inPad
to fill up all padded pixels with a specified constant color), usingedge
instead ofconstant
will usually not incur a significant performance penalty.
Specific Augmenter suggestions:
- For augmenters where an elementwise sibling exists (e.g.
Multiply
andMultiplyElementwise
), the elementwise augmenter is usually significantly slower than the non-elementwise one. - If blurring is required,
AverageBlur
is the fastest choice, followed byGaussianBlur
. - Augmenters that operate on coarser images (e.g.
CoarseDropout
vsDropout
) can be significantly faster than their non-coarse siblings. - Contrast normalizing augmenters are all comparable in performance, except for histogram-based ones, which are significantly slower.
PiecewiseAffine
is a very slow augmenter and should usually be replaced by ElasticTransformation, which achieves similar outputs and is quite a bit faster.Superpixels
is a fairly slow augmenter and should usually be wrapped in e.g.Sometimes
to not apply it very often and reduce its performance impact.- Weather augmenters other than
FastSnowyLandscape
are rather slow and should only be used when sensible.
Images¶
Numbers below are for small images (64x64x3
) and large
images (224x224x3
). B=1
denotes a batch size of 1
, B=128
one
of 128
.
In mbit/sec:
64x64x3, uint8 | 224x224x3, uint8 | |||
Augmenter | B=1 | B=128 | B=1 | B=128 |
Sequential (2xIdentity) | 1114.3 | 24601.3 | 9815.7 | 41557.9 |
Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order) | 903.3 | 25450.9 | 8697.9 | 44898.0 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity) | 226.2 | 3800.6 | 2114.2 | 5298.8 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order) | 220.9 | 3717.7 | 2037.7 | 6109.3 |
OneOf (3xIdentity) | 533.9 | 7941.3 | 4486.2 | 9188.2 |
Sometimes (Identity) | 367.3 | 12894.4 | 3763.7 | 16674.9 |
WithChannels ([1,2], Identity) | 541.2 | 4932.7 | 3668.9 | 5067.2 |
Identity | 1364.5 | 26741.2 | 11791.9 | 41261.7 |
Noop | 1341.4 | 27020.1 | 11611.5 | 43892.6 |
Lambda (return input) | 1262.1 | 24919.0 | 10837.8 | 45355.8 |
AssertLambda (return True) | 1244.8 | 26346.3 | 10864.2 | 41681.0 |
AssertShape (None, H, W, None) | 1068.8 | 14590.1 | 9860.2 | 39299.2 |
ChannelShuffle (0.5) | 418.4 | 3159.3 | 3285.1 | 6240.3 |
Add | 137.7 | 595.5 | 1972.4 | 3917.6 |
AddElementwise | 201.3 | 307.5 | 909.8 | 1038.9 |
AdditiveGaussianNoise | 167.5 | 218.5 | 695.9 | 764.6 |
AdditiveLaplaceNoise | 147.2 | 185.2 | 419.3 | 446.9 |
AdditivePoissonNoise | 122.5 | 151.0 | 294.5 | 305.2 |
Multiply | 240.3 | 770.4 | 2156.3 | 4443.5 |
MultiplyElementwise | 188.0 | 276.9 | 876.7 | 972.0 |
Cutout (1 iter, constant fill) | 151.0 | 1288.6 | 1723.9 | 11726.9 |
Dropout (1-5%) | 225.9 | 353.6 | 995.3 | 1155.3 |
CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%) | 133.4 | 172.6 | 1039.0 | 1219.8 |
Dropout2d (10%) | 324.1 | 5696.8 | 3569.2 | 23901.3 |
TotalDropout (10%) | 450.4 | 19944.9 | 4948.5 | 39754.0 |
ReplaceElementwise | 129.9 | 161.9 | 676.8 | 760.5 |
ImpulseNoise | 112.4 | 135.2 | 469.9 | 499.1 |
SaltAndPepper | 118.9 | 141.1 | 643.7 | 711.4 |
CoarseSaltAndPepper | 86.9 | 98.6 | 666.4 | 725.9 |
Salt | 99.8 | 114.2 | 590.8 | 639.7 |
CoarseSalt | 78.6 | 86.5 | 606.6 | 659.1 |
Pepper | 97.9 | 105.7 | 589.5 | 640.8 |
CoarsePepper | 78.7 | 86.1 | 605.5 | 660.8 |
Invert (10%) | 266.5 | 5468.8 | 2992.8 | 22669.1 |
JpegCompression (50-99%) | 81.9 | 103.7 | 420.6 | 458.5 |
Cartoon | 6.0 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 6.6 |
BlendAlpha (Identity) | 128.7 | 402.0 | 810.2 | 993.7 |
BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity) | 130.7 | 207.0 | 450.3 | 453.7 |
BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity) | 24.7 | 28.3 | 175.4 | 186.9 |
BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity) | 33.2 | 36.5 | 210.8 | 221.4 |
BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity) | 64.2 | 161.0 | 330.7 | 450.6 |
BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity) | 87.5 | 238.1 | 416.3 | 533.4 |
BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity) | 87.9 | 231.9 | 407.5 | 508.0 |
BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity) | 85.0 | 230.2 | 398.7 | 503.6 |
BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity) | 86.0 | 200.2 | 399.0 | 487.2 |
GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5)) | 191.7 | 532.7 | 1528.9 | 2530.2 |
AverageBlur | 245.4 | 1474.4 | 2021.4 | 4530.9 |
MedianBlur | 129.8 | 257.4 | 267.7 | 304.9 |
BilateralBlur | 101.3 | 269.3 | 281.9 | 346.3 |
MotionBlur | 56.2 | 64.1 | 541.7 | 579.6 |
MeanShiftBlur | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12)) | 24.0 | 128.1 | 222.4 | 488.9 |
WithColorspace (HSV, Identity) | 291.6 | 974.1 | 1691.5 | 2141.7 |
WithBrightnessChannels (Identity) | 43.5 | 736.9 | 1097.9 | 1605.2 |
MultiplyAndAddToBrightness | 71.4 | 251.4 | 665.1 | 1043.4 |
MultiplyBrightness | 113.4 | 396.8 | 850.6 | 1237.8 |
AddToBrightness | 109.3 | 347.8 | 841.2 | 1200.0 |
WithHueAndSaturation | 168.1 | 334.5 | 687.6 | 719.3 |
MultiplyHueAndSaturation | 82.5 | 152.1 | 440.5 | 481.0 |
MultiplyHue | 74.3 | 150.1 | 438.3 | 489.6 |
MultiplySaturation | 57.6 | 150.4 | 442.1 | 498.4 |
RemoveSaturation | 70.9 | 150.6 | 433.1 | 509.1 |
AddToHueAndSaturation | 131.1 | 443.1 | 828.5 | 1151.9 |
AddToHue | 150.2 | 455.8 | 858.3 | 1153.3 |
AddToSaturation | 139.9 | 460.5 | 865.3 | 1151.9 |
ChangeColorspace (HSV) | 257.9 | 923.8 | 2258.6 | 3962.7 |
Grayscale | 143.1 | 308.5 | 632.4 | 759.7 |
KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 30.3 | 37.5 | 183.5 | 197.3 |
UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 127.9 | 354.5 | 1512.0 | 2601.1 |
UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits) | 142.7 | 357.3 | 1508.6 | 2575.1 |
Posterize (1-7 bits) | 136.4 | 356.7 | 1506.4 | 2579.3 |
GammaContrast | 169.9 | 304.3 | 1832.4 | 2471.9 |
SigmoidContrast | 153.9 | 234.2 | 1551.7 | 2046.2 |
LogContrast | 183.9 | 303.1 | 1819.4 | 2455.2 |
LinearContrast | 214.2 | 391.9 | 2048.0 | 2965.7 |
AllChannelsHistogramEqualization | 519.5 | 1559.9 | 1858.7 | 2271.9 |
HistogramEqualization | 268.5 | 892.9 | 1470.4 | 1801.0 |
AllChannelsCLAHE | 112.9 | 326.2 | 878.5 | 1475.8 |
CLAHE | 112.7 | 442.1 | 824.7 | 1446.8 |
Convolve (3x3) | 430.6 | 1442.0 | 2833.3 | 4043.5 |
Sharpen | 176.7 | 261.5 | 1282.2 | 1542.9 |
Emboss | 176.9 | 262.5 | 1334.3 | 1604.0 |
EdgeDetect | 234.2 | 392.3 | 1696.6 | 2056.0 |
DirectedEdgeDetect | 90.3 | 107.5 | 827.8 | 886.4 |
Canny | 54.6 | 103.9 | 280.3 | 349.6 |
Fliplr (p=100%) | 446.1 | 2507.3 | 3359.3 | 6261.2 |
Flipud (p=100%) | 564.7 | 9721.4 | 5475.0 | 13807.5 |
Affine (order=0, constant) | 75.8 | 255.3 | 856.4 | 1934.4 |
Affine (order=1, constant) | 75.5 | 236.2 | 773.5 | 1539.2 |
Affine (order=3, constant) | 69.3 | 194.6 | 473.5 | 680.5 |
Affine (order=1, edge) | 68.1 | 229.4 | 744.3 | 1493.8 |
Affine (order=1, constant, skimage) | 39.2 | 73.6 | 180.0 | 203.1 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant) | 3.9 | 4.3 | 25.6 | 25.4 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant) | 4.3 | 4.5 | 30.6 | 30.4 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge) | 4.1 | 4.4 | 25.4 | 25.3 |
PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 8.4 | 8.2 |
PerspectiveTransform | 96.5 | 473.9 | 885.5 | 1789.6 |
PerspectiveTransform (keep_size) | 92.5 | 313.1 | 688.3 | 1144.2 |
ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant) | 82.5 | 158.3 | 543.1 | 668.8 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant) | 80.6 | 149.2 | 499.7 | 606.4 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest) | 80.5 | 150.1 | 494.4 | 606.1 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect) | 81.5 | 149.1 | 500.4 | 604.1 |
Rot90 | 273.5 | 3981.3 | 3416.2 | 23912.1 |
Rot90 (keep_size) | 265.8 | 2193.9 | 1983.7 | 3528.7 |
WithPolarWarping (Identity) | 259.1 | 639.9 | 948.2 | 1076.6 |
Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step) | 62.5 | 107.0 | 728.7 | 1119.5 |
AveragePooling | 97.1 | 175.8 | 434.7 | 506.6 |
AveragePooling (keep_size) | 91.1 | 148.5 | 392.8 | 461.7 |
MaxPooling | 100.7 | 187.6 | 460.6 | 545.0 |
MaxPooling (keep_size) | 92.7 | 158.6 | 431.4 | 493.4 |
MinPooling | 102.7 | 187.6 | 467.5 | 549.5 |
MinPooling (keep_size) | 95.1 | 157.5 | 426.1 | 501.6 |
MedianPooling | 94.3 | 171.6 | 557.5 | 690.0 |
MedianPooling (keep_size) | 90.1 | 146.4 | 513.8 | 612.0 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5)) | 70.9 | 130.5 | 180.7 | 191.7 |
imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5)) | 52.0 | 68.0 | 83.9 | 85.6 |
imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5)) | 62.6 | 89.1 | 143.0 | 150.0 |
imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5)) | 81.5 | 130.8 | 175.4 | 187.9 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5)) | 72.0 | 114.9 | 195.8 | 215.4 |
imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5)) | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5)) | 56.8 | 82.6 | 134.5 | 136.4 |
imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5)) | 19.2 | 22.6 | 62.5 | 62.6 |
imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5)) | 8.0 | 9.1 | 11.6 | 11.3 |
imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5)) | 33.1 | 50.9 | 171.0 | 178.4 |
imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5)) | 10.0 | 11.2 | 113.2 | 116.8 |
imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5)) | 26.1 | 29.3 | 68.9 | 67.8 |
imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5)) | 54.2 | 69.0 | 135.7 | 141.3 |
imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5)) | 113.7 | 206.4 | 364.7 | 420.1 |
imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5)) | 38.1 | 46.2 | 48.1 | 54.2 |
imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5)) | 34.7 | 46.0 | 48.4 | 54.0 |
imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5)) | 82.7 | 165.2 | 473.9 | 549.1 |
imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5)) | 141.5 | 321.1 | 1013.5 | 1443.7 |
imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5)) | 36.1 | 44.1 | 56.2 | 58.6 |
pillike.Solarize (p=1.0) | 183.2 | 843.5 | 1801.5 | 4531.2 |
pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits) | 120.7 | 360.9 | 1449.0 | 2578.7 |
pillike.Equalize | 163.9 | 288.2 | 1349.4 | 1651.2 |
pillike.Autocontrast | 69.5 | 98.6 | 748.8 | 860.6 |
pillike.EnhanceColor | 190.3 | 587.5 | 937.4 | 1223.3 |
pillike.EnhanceContrast | 164.2 | 370.0 | 842.4 | 1048.7 |
pillike.EnhanceBrightness | 212.9 | 630.2 | 1017.1 | 1318.0 |
pillike.EnhanceSharpness | 178.8 | 422.3 | 590.4 | 685.5 |
pillike.FilterBlur | 233.6 | 375.4 | 459.2 | 484.6 |
pillike.FilterSmooth | 327.7 | 588.8 | 911.2 | 1006.7 |
pillike.FilterSmoothMore | 250.2 | 374.5 | 465.4 | 483.8 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance | 288.4 | 530.9 | 817.9 | 890.3 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore | 293.1 | 523.0 | 791.9 | 854.0 |
pillike.FilterFindEdges | 297.9 | 530.3 | 756.3 | 817.9 |
pillike.FilterContour | 285.2 | 523.1 | 746.7 | 803.2 |
pillike.FilterEmboss | 282.2 | 586.0 | 910.7 | 1000.1 |
pillike.FilterSharpen | 256.6 | 579.5 | 868.7 | 945.4 |
pillike.FilterDetail | 304.5 | 586.4 | 880.1 | 970.5 |
pillike.Affine | 66.3 | 302.8 | 709.5 | 1787.3 |
Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic) | 9.4 | 10.4 | 118.4 | 121.8 |
Superpixels (max_size=64, linear) | 9.9 | 10.4 | 118.7 | 122.6 |
Superpixels (max_size=128, linear) | 8.0 | 10.6 | 49.5 | 49.2 |
Superpixels (max_size=224, linear) | 7.6 | 10.6 | 19.5 | 19.1 |
UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear) | 2.7 | 3.6 | 12.1 | 12.0 |
RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols) | 3.5 | 3.6 | 12.0 | 12.1 |
RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols) | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Resize (nearest) | 186.3 | 735.5 | 1988.3 | 4347.1 |
Resize (linear) | 176.0 | 629.9 | 1537.8 | 2701.5 |
Resize (cubic) | 177.0 | 559.4 | 1187.7 | 1804.3 |
CropAndPad | 118.9 | 700.3 | 1422.4 | 5080.6 |
CropAndPad (edge) | 118.9 | 705.6 | 1449.5 | 5085.0 |
CropAndPad (keep_size) | 104.7 | 376.3 | 1018.1 | 1863.5 |
Crop | 153.0 | 1293.5 | 1974.8 | 8596.2 |
Crop (keep_size) | 130.8 | 501.6 | 1275.2 | 2401.9 |
Pad | 122.2 | 678.8 | 1384.0 | 4678.5 |
Pad (edge) | 118.7 | 683.5 | 1390.6 | 4572.7 |
Pad (keep_size) | 101.6 | 371.7 | 954.2 | 1708.9 |
PadToFixedSize | 130.8 | 916.5 | 1653.7 | 5908.8 |
CropToFixedSize | 228.9 | 3102.1 | 2756.7 | 11098.3 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest)) | 139.8 | 880.7 | 1471.7 | 3604.7 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear)) | 134.2 | 761.3 | 1230.6 | 2456.9 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic)) | 133.0 | 660.3 | 1002.8 | 1682.4 |
FastSnowyLandscape | 116.8 | 243.5 | 483.0 | 542.8 |
Clouds | 16.9 | 20.3 | 61.7 | 61.1 |
Fog | 31.3 | 33.9 | 98.3 | 99.5 |
CloudLayer | 30.7 | 33.0 | 99.1 | 98.9 |
Snowflakes | 14.2 | 15.1 | 91.3 | 85.5 |
SnowflakesLayer | 28.5 | 30.3 | 173.5 | 173.2 |
Rain | 11.1 | 11.6 | 58.5 | 54.2 |
RainLayer | 22.0 | 23.5 | 110.4 | 112.1 |
In images/sec:
64x64x3, uint8 | 224x224x3, uint8 | |||
Augmenter | B=1 | B=128 | B=1 | B=128 |
Sequential (2xIdentity) | 11885.5 | 262413.9 | 8547.0 | 36186.5 |
Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order) | 9635.6 | 271476.0 | 7573.7 | 39094.8 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity) | 2412.6 | 40539.6 | 1840.9 | 4613.9 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order) | 2356.3 | 39655.4 | 1774.3 | 5319.7 |
OneOf (3xIdentity) | 5695.0 | 84707.6 | 3906.3 | 8000.6 |
Sometimes (Identity) | 3917.9 | 137540.7 | 3277.2 | 14519.7 |
WithChannels ([1,2], Identity) | 5772.9 | 52615.6 | 3194.7 | 4412.2 |
Identity | 14554.8 | 285239.9 | 10267.7 | 35928.5 |
Noop | 14308.5 | 288214.7 | 10110.7 | 38219.4 |
Lambda (return input) | 13462.3 | 265802.2 | 9437.0 | 39493.5 |
AssertLambda (return True) | 13277.6 | 281027.4 | 9460.0 | 36293.6 |
AssertShape (None, H, W, None) | 11400.9 | 155628.0 | 8585.7 | 34219.7 |
ChannelShuffle (0.5) | 4462.7 | 33699.4 | 2860.5 | 5433.8 |
Add | 1468.7 | 6351.5 | 1717.5 | 3411.2 |
AddElementwise | 2147.0 | 3279.9 | 792.2 | 904.6 |
AdditiveGaussianNoise | 1787.2 | 2330.6 | 605.9 | 665.8 |
AdditiveLaplaceNoise | 1570.5 | 1975.4 | 365.1 | 389.2 |
AdditivePoissonNoise | 1306.5 | 1610.3 | 256.5 | 265.7 |
Multiply | 2563.5 | 8217.8 | 1877.6 | 3869.2 |
MultiplyElementwise | 2005.8 | 2953.5 | 763.4 | 846.4 |
Cutout (1 iter, constant fill) | 1611.1 | 13745.5 | 1501.1 | 10211.1 |
Dropout (1-5%) | 2409.4 | 3771.3 | 866.7 | 1006.0 |
CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%) | 1423.1 | 1840.8 | 904.7 | 1062.1 |
Dropout2d (10%) | 3457.4 | 60765.5 | 3107.9 | 20812.0 |
TotalDropout (10%) | 4804.7 | 212745.7 | 4308.9 | 34615.7 |
ReplaceElementwise | 1385.7 | 1727.3 | 589.3 | 662.2 |
ImpulseNoise | 1199.5 | 1442.0 | 409.2 | 434.6 |
SaltAndPepper | 1267.9 | 1504.9 | 560.5 | 619.4 |
CoarseSaltAndPepper | 926.8 | 1051.4 | 580.3 | 632.1 |
Salt | 1064.4 | 1218.0 | 514.5 | 557.0 |
CoarseSalt | 838.3 | 923.2 | 528.2 | 573.9 |
Pepper | 1043.9 | 1127.7 | 513.3 | 558.0 |
CoarsePepper | 839.9 | 918.5 | 527.3 | 575.4 |
Invert (10%) | 2842.5 | 58334.2 | 2606.0 | 19739.1 |
JpegCompression (50-99%) | 873.3 | 1106.0 | 366.2 | 399.3 |
Cartoon | 64.0 | 61.6 | 6.2 | 5.8 |
BlendAlpha (Identity) | 1373.3 | 4288.0 | 705.5 | 865.3 |
BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity) | 1393.6 | 2207.6 | 392.1 | 395.1 |
BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity) | 263.7 | 302.2 | 152.8 | 162.7 |
BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity) | 354.2 | 389.8 | 183.6 | 192.8 |
BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity) | 684.8 | 1717.7 | 288.0 | 392.4 |
BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity) | 933.1 | 2539.4 | 362.5 | 464.4 |
BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity) | 937.3 | 2473.5 | 354.8 | 442.3 |
BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity) | 906.5 | 2455.6 | 347.2 | 438.5 |
BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity) | 917.6 | 2135.5 | 347.4 | 424.2 |
GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5)) | 2045.3 | 5681.7 | 1331.3 | 2203.2 |
AverageBlur | 2617.3 | 15727.3 | 1760.1 | 3945.2 |
MedianBlur | 1384.8 | 2745.8 | 233.1 | 265.5 |
BilateralBlur | 1080.3 | 2872.0 | 245.5 | 301.5 |
MotionBlur | 599.6 | 683.8 | 471.6 | 504.7 |
MeanShiftBlur | 15.3 | 14.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12)) | 255.7 | 1366.3 | 193.7 | 425.7 |
WithColorspace (HSV, Identity) | 3110.5 | 10389.9 | 1472.9 | 1864.8 |
WithBrightnessChannels (Identity) | 464.3 | 7860.5 | 956.0 | 1397.7 |
MultiplyAndAddToBrightness | 761.1 | 2682.0 | 579.1 | 908.5 |
MultiplyBrightness | 1209.1 | 4232.3 | 740.7 | 1077.8 |
AddToBrightness | 1165.7 | 3710.0 | 732.5 | 1044.9 |
WithHueAndSaturation | 1793.2 | 3568.3 | 598.7 | 626.3 |
MultiplyHueAndSaturation | 880.0 | 1622.2 | 383.5 | 418.8 |
MultiplyHue | 792.7 | 1601.0 | 381.6 | 426.3 |
MultiplySaturation | 614.6 | 1604.2 | 384.9 | 434.0 |
RemoveSaturation | 756.1 | 1606.7 | 377.1 | 443.3 |
AddToHueAndSaturation | 1398.0 | 4726.3 | 721.5 | 1003.0 |
AddToHue | 1602.0 | 4862.4 | 747.3 | 1004.3 |
AddToSaturation | 1491.8 | 4912.4 | 753.4 | 1003.0 |
ChangeColorspace (HSV) | 2750.6 | 9853.8 | 1966.7 | 3450.5 |
Grayscale | 1526.8 | 3290.8 | 550.6 | 661.5 |
KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 323.3 | 400.4 | 159.7 | 171.8 |
UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 1364.2 | 3781.6 | 1316.6 | 2264.9 |
UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits) | 1521.9 | 3811.1 | 1313.6 | 2242.3 |
Posterize (1-7 bits) | 1455.0 | 3805.0 | 1311.7 | 2245.9 |
GammaContrast | 1812.4 | 3245.3 | 1595.6 | 2152.4 |
SigmoidContrast | 1641.5 | 2498.6 | 1351.1 | 1781.8 |
LogContrast | 1962.1 | 3233.2 | 1584.2 | 2137.8 |
LinearContrast | 2285.2 | 4180.7 | 1783.3 | 2582.4 |
AllChannelsHistogramEqualization | 5540.9 | 16639.1 | 1618.4 | 1978.2 |
HistogramEqualization | 2863.9 | 9524.3 | 1280.3 | 1568.2 |
AllChannelsCLAHE | 1204.0 | 3480.0 | 765.0 | 1285.1 |
CLAHE | 1202.2 | 4716.2 | 718.1 | 1259.8 |
Convolve (3x3) | 4593.4 | 15381.1 | 2467.1 | 3520.9 |
Sharpen | 1885.1 | 2789.7 | 1116.5 | 1343.5 |
Emboss | 1887.4 | 2799.9 | 1161.9 | 1396.6 |
EdgeDetect | 2497.6 | 4184.9 | 1477.3 | 1790.2 |
DirectedEdgeDetect | 963.3 | 1146.6 | 720.8 | 771.8 |
Canny | 582.2 | 1108.6 | 244.0 | 304.4 |
Fliplr (p=100%) | 4758.0 | 26744.7 | 2925.1 | 5452.0 |
Flipud (p=100%) | 6023.3 | 103695.3 | 4767.3 | 12022.8 |
Affine (order=0, constant) | 808.8 | 2723.2 | 745.7 | 1684.4 |
Affine (order=1, constant) | 805.8 | 2519.9 | 673.5 | 1340.2 |
Affine (order=3, constant) | 739.2 | 2075.6 | 412.3 | 592.5 |
Affine (order=1, edge) | 726.5 | 2447.5 | 648.1 | 1300.7 |
Affine (order=1, constant, skimage) | 417.8 | 785.3 | 156.7 | 176.8 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant) | 41.9 | 46.4 | 22.3 | 22.1 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant) | 45.4 | 47.9 | 26.7 | 26.5 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge) | 43.6 | 46.4 | 22.1 | 22.1 |
PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant) | 9.6 | 10.0 | 7.3 | 7.2 |
PerspectiveTransform | 1029.6 | 5054.7 | 771.1 | 1558.3 |
PerspectiveTransform (keep_size) | 986.5 | 3340.2 | 599.4 | 996.3 |
ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant) | 880.3 | 1688.1 | 472.9 | 582.4 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant) | 859.3 | 1591.7 | 435.1 | 528.0 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest) | 858.2 | 1601.2 | 430.5 | 527.7 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect) | 868.9 | 1590.0 | 435.7 | 526.0 |
Rot90 | 2917.1 | 42467.5 | 2974.6 | 20821.4 |
Rot90 (keep_size) | 2835.5 | 23402.1 | 1727.3 | 3072.6 |
WithPolarWarping (Identity) | 2764.2 | 6825.5 | 825.7 | 937.4 |
Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step) | 666.4 | 1141.2 | 634.5 | 974.8 |
AveragePooling | 1035.7 | 1875.7 | 378.5 | 441.2 |
AveragePooling (keep_size) | 971.3 | 1584.3 | 342.0 | 402.0 |
MaxPooling | 1074.4 | 2000.8 | 401.1 | 474.5 |
MaxPooling (keep_size) | 988.8 | 1691.9 | 375.7 | 429.7 |
MinPooling | 1095.3 | 2000.8 | 407.1 | 478.5 |
MinPooling (keep_size) | 1014.9 | 1679.8 | 371.0 | 436.7 |
MedianPooling | 1006.0 | 1830.6 | 485.5 | 600.8 |
MedianPooling (keep_size) | 961.1 | 1561.4 | 447.4 | 532.9 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5)) | 756.7 | 1391.8 | 157.4 | 166.9 |
imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5)) | 554.9 | 725.7 | 73.0 | 74.5 |
imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5)) | 667.6 | 950.0 | 124.5 | 130.6 |
imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5)) | 869.7 | 1395.3 | 152.7 | 163.6 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5)) | 768.0 | 1225.9 | 170.5 | 187.6 |
imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5)) | 21.7 | 25.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5)) | 606.1 | 881.0 | 117.1 | 118.8 |
imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5)) | 204.5 | 241.3 | 54.5 | 54.6 |
imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5)) | 85.7 | 97.2 | 10.1 | 9.9 |
imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5)) | 352.7 | 543.3 | 148.9 | 155.3 |
imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5)) | 107.0 | 120.0 | 98.6 | 101.7 |
imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5)) | 278.7 | 312.6 | 60.0 | 59.1 |
imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5)) | 578.1 | 735.7 | 118.1 | 123.0 |
imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5)) | 1212.6 | 2201.8 | 317.5 | 365.8 |
imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5)) | 406.3 | 493.3 | 41.9 | 47.2 |
imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5)) | 369.8 | 490.8 | 42.1 | 47.1 |
imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5)) | 882.6 | 1761.9 | 412.6 | 478.1 |
imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5)) | 1509.0 | 3425.1 | 882.5 | 1257.1 |
imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5)) | 384.6 | 470.0 | 48.9 | 51.0 |
pillike.Solarize (p=1.0) | 1954.2 | 8997.3 | 1568.6 | 3945.5 |
pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits) | 1288.0 | 3849.2 | 1261.7 | 2245.4 |
pillike.Equalize | 1748.5 | 3074.6 | 1175.0 | 1437.8 |
pillike.Autocontrast | 741.4 | 1052.1 | 652.0 | 749.3 |
pillike.EnhanceColor | 2029.5 | 6266.6 | 816.2 | 1065.2 |
pillike.EnhanceContrast | 1751.2 | 3946.7 | 733.6 | 913.2 |
pillike.EnhanceBrightness | 2271.3 | 6722.4 | 885.6 | 1147.7 |
pillike.EnhanceSharpness | 1907.0 | 4504.8 | 514.1 | 596.9 |
pillike.FilterBlur | 2491.3 | 4004.4 | 399.8 | 422.0 |
pillike.FilterSmooth | 3495.0 | 6280.4 | 793.5 | 876.6 |
pillike.FilterSmoothMore | 2669.2 | 3995.1 | 405.2 | 421.2 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance | 3076.8 | 5662.9 | 712.2 | 775.2 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore | 3126.6 | 5579.1 | 689.6 | 743.6 |
pillike.FilterFindEdges | 3177.4 | 5656.8 | 658.6 | 712.2 |
pillike.FilterContour | 3042.2 | 5580.0 | 650.2 | 699.4 |
pillike.FilterEmboss | 3010.1 | 6251.0 | 793.0 | 870.8 |
pillike.FilterSharpen | 2737.3 | 6181.6 | 756.4 | 823.2 |
pillike.FilterDetail | 3248.1 | 6255.5 | 766.3 | 845.1 |
pillike.Affine | 707.5 | 3229.4 | 617.8 | 1556.3 |
Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic) | 100.2 | 111.0 | 103.1 | 106.1 |
Superpixels (max_size=64, linear) | 106.0 | 111.4 | 103.4 | 106.7 |
Superpixels (max_size=128, linear) | 84.9 | 112.9 | 43.1 | 42.8 |
Superpixels (max_size=224, linear) | 81.6 | 113.1 | 17.0 | 16.7 |
UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear) | 28.4 | 38.8 | 10.5 | 10.4 |
RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols) | 37.7 | 38.7 | 10.4 | 10.5 |
RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols) | 39.2 | 39.0 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
Resize (nearest) | 1987.7 | 7844.9 | 1731.3 | 3785.2 |
Resize (linear) | 1877.8 | 6718.6 | 1339.0 | 2352.3 |
Resize (cubic) | 1887.5 | 5966.6 | 1034.2 | 1571.1 |
CropAndPad | 1268.3 | 7470.3 | 1238.6 | 4423.9 |
CropAndPad (edge) | 1268.3 | 7526.5 | 1262.1 | 4427.7 |
CropAndPad (keep_size) | 1117.2 | 4013.7 | 886.5 | 1622.6 |
Crop | 1632.5 | 13797.2 | 1719.6 | 7485.2 |
Crop (keep_size) | 1395.5 | 5350.3 | 1110.3 | 2091.5 |
Pad | 1303.7 | 7240.5 | 1205.1 | 4073.8 |
Pad (edge) | 1266.5 | 7290.4 | 1210.8 | 3981.6 |
Pad (keep_size) | 1084.1 | 3964.9 | 830.9 | 1488.0 |
PadToFixedSize | 1394.9 | 9776.5 | 1439.9 | 5145.1 |
CropToFixedSize | 2441.5 | 33089.5 | 2400.4 | 9663.8 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest)) | 1491.3 | 9393.7 | 1281.5 | 3138.8 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear)) | 1431.7 | 8121.0 | 1071.5 | 2139.3 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic)) | 1418.5 | 7043.0 | 873.2 | 1464.9 |
FastSnowyLandscape | 1246.1 | 2597.6 | 420.6 | 472.6 |
Clouds | 180.6 | 216.2 | 53.7 | 53.2 |
Fog | 334.1 | 361.5 | 85.6 | 86.7 |
CloudLayer | 327.1 | 352.4 | 86.3 | 86.2 |
Snowflakes | 151.5 | 161.2 | 79.5 | 74.5 |
SnowflakesLayer | 304.2 | 323.6 | 151.1 | 150.8 |
Rain | 118.4 | 123.9 | 50.9 | 47.2 |
RainLayer | 234.6 | 251.1 | 96.1 | 97.6 |
Heatmaps¶
Numbers below are for heatmaps on large images, i.e. 224x224x3
. Smaller
images were skipped for brevity. The heatmaps themselves can be
small (64x64xN
) or large (224x224xN
), with N
denoting the number
of heatmaps per HeatmapsOnImage
instance (i.e. the number of channels in
the heatmaps array), for which below 1
and 5
are used. B=1
denotes
a batch size of 1
, B=128
one of 128
.
mbit/sec for 64x64x5 or 224x224x5 heatmaps on 224x224x3 images:
64x64x5 on 224x224x3 | 224x224x5 on 224x224x3 | |||
Augmenter | B=1 | B=128 | B=1 | B=128 |
Sequential (2xIdentity) | 1184.9 | 5580.5 | 10238.2 | 18880.1 |
Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order) | 1104.8 | 5543.8 | 9429.3 | 18711.0 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity) | 720.2 | 5165.0 | 6854.4 | 18491.2 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order) | 706.3 | 5160.3 | 6742.9 | 18378.7 |
OneOf (3xIdentity) | 1025.9 | 5388.7 | 9095.4 | 18752.7 |
Sometimes (Identity) | 831.1 | 5479.9 | 7836.0 | 18087.9 |
WithChannels ([1,2], Identity) | 901.2 | 2622.7 | 6464.3 | 7555.7 |
Identity | 1329.3 | 5606.5 | 10585.6 | 18165.5 |
Noop | 1351.5 | 5611.4 | 10479.4 | 18100.9 |
Lambda (return input) | 1297.5 | 5567.3 | 10284.4 | 18183.9 |
AssertLambda (return True) | 1300.8 | 5567.1 | 10235.6 | 18390.9 |
AssertShape (None, H, W, None) | 1271.6 | 5431.1 | 10001.8 | 18122.9 |
ChannelShuffle (0.5) | 1351.2 | 5589.4 | 10447.6 | 18398.7 |
Add | 1360.6 | 5590.4 | 10432.7 | 18313.5 |
AddElementwise | 1361.6 | 5640.5 | 10443.3 | 18461.2 |
AdditiveGaussianNoise | 1351.0 | 5616.6 | 10528.6 | 18322.0 |
AdditiveLaplaceNoise | 1362.5 | 5568.4 | 10364.0 | 18428.9 |
AdditivePoissonNoise | 1359.3 | 5620.1 | 10447.9 | 18302.7 |
Multiply | 1349.5 | 5619.9 | 10354.5 | 18464.5 |
MultiplyElementwise | 1351.1 | 5580.9 | 10203.0 | 18475.7 |
Cutout (1 iter, constant fill) | 1349.3 | 5584.4 | 10434.1 | 18855.2 |
Dropout (1-5%) | 1371.0 | 5635.7 | 10357.0 | 18710.0 |
CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%) | 1344.5 | 5618.2 | 10530.4 | 18843.6 |
Dropout2d (10%) | 859.7 | 5068.6 | 7527.2 | 18211.5 |
TotalDropout (10%) | 965.1 | 5453.2 | 8083.1 | 17953.0 |
ReplaceElementwise | 1359.0 | 5603.3 | 10451.3 | 18728.0 |
ImpulseNoise | 1359.5 | 5602.0 | 10516.4 | 18677.8 |
SaltAndPepper | 1352.8 | 5635.6 | 10447.3 | 18837.6 |
CoarseSaltAndPepper | 1356.7 | 5614.1 | 10310.9 | 18774.5 |
Salt | 1348.9 | 5576.4 | 10497.3 | 18706.0 |
CoarseSalt | 1339.5 | 5584.0 | 10521.0 | 18413.7 |
Pepper | 1365.9 | 5583.9 | 10475.6 | 18299.0 |
CoarsePepper | 1352.6 | 6526.4 | 10546.9 | 18453.0 |
Invert (10%) | 1364.9 | 6532.4 | 10436.1 | 18373.2 |
JpegCompression (50-99%) | 1366.4 | 6563.1 | 10513.6 | 18392.1 |
Cartoon | 1340.7 | 6543.2 | 10352.2 | 18300.8 |
BlendAlpha (Identity) | 662.3 | 2880.4 | 5086.3 | 11840.4 |
BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity) | 298.6 | 451.2 | 1251.4 | 1356.3 |
BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity) | 100.7 | 122.9 | 800.4 | 890.9 |
BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity) | 125.3 | 147.0 | 882.5 | 973.2 |
BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity) | 259.0 | 534.5 | 1243.2 | 1467.4 |
BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity) | 253.6 | 491.5 | 1219.2 | 1435.7 |
BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity) | 242.7 | 479.7 | 1200.4 | 1430.1 |
BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity) | 246.2 | 461.2 | 1212.2 | 1406.5 |
GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5)) | 1274.8 | 6491.3 | 10490.6 | 26259.7 |
AverageBlur | 1266.5 | 6470.4 | 10485.1 | 26336.5 |
MedianBlur | 1274.3 | 6516.3 | 10496.8 | 26060.9 |
BilateralBlur | 1277.1 | 6503.2 | 10455.4 | 26262.4 |
MotionBlur | 1261.7 | 6515.3 | 10305.2 | 26288.1 |
MeanShiftBlur | 1285.3 | 6645.9 | 10363.5 | 26386.9 |
RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12)) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
WithColorspace (HSV, Identity) | 1185.0 | 6766.3 | 10008.5 | 26301.1 |
WithBrightnessChannels (Identity) | 1192.7 | 6776.9 | 10012.8 | 26110.1 |
MultiplyAndAddToBrightness | 1072.6 | 6750.4 | 9290.9 | 26234.2 |
MultiplyBrightness | 1176.3 | 6767.6 | 9863.5 | 26148.5 |
AddToBrightness | 1117.8 | 6759.0 | 9902.6 | 26310.4 |
WithHueAndSaturation | 1152.0 | 6768.5 | 10050.7 | 26305.8 |
MultiplyHueAndSaturation | 1170.8 | 6808.5 | 9967.6 | 26312.0 |
MultiplyHue | 868.0 | 3343.3 | 6367.6 | 9554.2 |
MultiplySaturation | 861.3 | 3353.0 | 6426.9 | 9911.0 |
RemoveSaturation | 875.9 | 3337.8 | 6363.9 | 10280.3 |
AddToHueAndSaturation | 1304.3 | 6766.2 | 10446.2 | 18294.3 |
AddToHue | 1339.0 | 6785.4 | 10526.2 | 18075.2 |
AddToSaturation | 1336.5 | 6799.2 | 10456.1 | 18036.2 |
ChangeColorspace (HSV) | 1278.9 | 6776.7 | 10554.9 | 17845.5 |
Grayscale | 1298.5 | 6832.6 | 10475.2 | 17750.9 |
KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 1285.0 | 6794.2 | 10472.9 | 17924.0 |
UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 1286.6 | 6813.7 | 10553.4 | 17893.7 |
UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits) | 1309.5 | 6819.9 | 10343.9 | 18027.2 |
Posterize (1-7 bits) | 1357.7 | 6843.1 | 10515.6 | 17936.6 |
GammaContrast | 1337.8 | 6800.4 | 10495.7 | 18009.0 |
SigmoidContrast | 1337.0 | 6806.4 | 10466.6 | 17873.3 |
LogContrast | 1344.0 | 6762.3 | 10463.7 | 17979.1 |
LinearContrast | 1349.4 | 6793.7 | 10413.8 | 17880.6 |
AllChannelsHistogramEqualization | 1365.5 | 6783.6 | 10488.7 | 17966.1 |
HistogramEqualization | 1364.7 | 6801.1 | 10477.2 | 18043.7 |
AllChannelsCLAHE | 1330.2 | 6800.5 | 10415.1 | 18008.3 |
CLAHE | 1372.3 | 6833.8 | 10539.7 | 18011.7 |
Convolve (3x3) | 1356.2 | 6806.5 | 10419.5 | 17923.5 |
Sharpen | 1339.8 | 6799.7 | 10392.9 | 17963.2 |
Emboss | 1354.7 | 6767.9 | 10413.8 | 17964.7 |
EdgeDetect | 1368.3 | 6769.3 | 10518.3 | 18015.8 |
DirectedEdgeDetect | 1358.6 | 6795.3 | 10466.6 | 17960.0 |
Canny | 1344.4 | 6789.5 | 10480.2 | 17991.9 |
Fliplr (p=100%) | 1064.6 | 6145.1 | 8835.8 | 17531.4 |
Flipud (p=100%) | 1080.3 | 6538.2 | 8888.0 | 17864.5 |
Affine (order=0, constant) | 255.7 | 654.9 | 1134.6 | 1380.3 |
Affine (order=1, constant) | 264.3 | 654.2 | 1139.9 | 1380.2 |
Affine (order=3, constant) | 262.5 | 654.2 | 1129.1 | 1379.6 |
Affine (order=1, edge) | 260.1 | 654.5 | 1137.4 | 1382.3 |
Affine (order=1, constant, skimage) | 161.4 | 267.1 | 372.0 | 396.9 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant) | 19.3 | 20.6 | 51.5 | 51.9 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant) | 19.5 | 20.4 | 51.0 | 51.9 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge) | 19.4 | 20.4 | 51.3 | 52.1 |
PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant) | 5.6 | 5.6 | 31.3 | 31.8 |
PerspectiveTransform | 258.5 | 925.1 | 1411.7 | 2010.3 |
PerspectiveTransform (keep_size) | 225.5 | 603.7 | 1094.5 | 1435.9 |
ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant) | 69.4 | 97.6 | 1217.6 | 1466.5 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant) | 70.5 | 97.6 | 1204.3 | 1469.5 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest) | 70.0 | 96.1 | 1211.0 | 1471.5 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect) | 70.3 | 96.0 | 1215.7 | 1442.0 |
Rot90 | 748.1 | 5247.6 | 7075.9 | 24324.3 |
Rot90 (keep_size) | 574.6 | 2012.9 | 3971.2 | 6407.7 |
WithPolarWarping (Identity) | 622.5 | 1869.3 | 2621.8 | 2846.1 |
Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step) | 117.7 | 171.8 | 1500.0 | 1745.7 |
AveragePooling | 516.2 | 1850.0 | 4782.4 | 11003.4 |
AveragePooling (keep_size) | 1243.4 | 6670.4 | 10415.7 | 18658.7 |
MaxPooling | 528.5 | 1844.9 | 4879.3 | 11378.2 |
MaxPooling (keep_size) | 1274.8 | 6704.8 | 10582.7 | 18947.4 |
MinPooling | 521.7 | 1871.9 | 4895.7 | 11346.4 |
MinPooling (keep_size) | 1273.7 | 6721.3 | 10444.5 | 18924.3 |
MedianPooling | 523.9 | 1870.4 | 4888.3 | 11389.8 |
MedianPooling (keep_size) | 1265.8 | 6728.4 | 10477.3 | 19011.2 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5)) | 1279.1 | 6750.4 | 10470.0 | 19034.0 |
imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5)) | 1277.7 | 6764.5 | 10524.5 | 19094.6 |
imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5)) | 1252.8 | 6745.3 | 10458.3 | 18995.2 |
imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5)) | 1262.7 | 6708.5 | 10519.9 | 19177.5 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5)) | 1271.5 | 6695.1 | 10375.6 | 19022.0 |
imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5)) | 1279.0 | 6740.8 | 10482.6 | 19049.7 |
imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5)) | 1264.1 | 6725.7 | 10457.5 | 19217.5 |
imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5)) | 1285.1 | 6735.1 | 10389.7 | 19075.6 |
imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5)) | 1281.2 | 6754.2 | 10308.4 | 19113.0 |
imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5)) | 1277.6 | 6663.9 | 10386.9 | 19102.4 |
imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5)) | 1280.2 | 6737.7 | 10449.3 | 19018.7 |
imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5)) | 1264.4 | 6732.5 | 10613.1 | 19058.9 |
imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5)) | 1248.5 | 6735.6 | 10394.4 | 19034.4 |
imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5)) | 1251.7 | 6737.4 | 10483.9 | 19127.2 |
imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5)) | 1266.7 | 6748.6 | 10519.9 | 19071.4 |
imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5)) | 1270.4 | 6771.8 | 10566.0 | 19137.2 |
imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5)) | 1256.7 | 6735.9 | 10589.2 | 19063.4 |
imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5)) | 1282.2 | 6739.7 | 10463.6 | 19135.8 |
imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5)) | 1255.9 | 6715.8 | 10436.7 | 19070.7 |
pillike.Solarize (p=1.0) | 1274.0 | 6747.8 | 10415.5 | 19055.4 |
pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits) | 1278.4 | 6738.6 | 10475.7 | 19121.8 |
pillike.Equalize | 1274.1 | 6758.1 | 10450.9 | 18984.7 |
pillike.Autocontrast | 1259.0 | 6723.7 | 10419.1 | 19153.8 |
pillike.EnhanceColor | 1272.0 | 6719.8 | 10397.4 | 19100.6 |
pillike.EnhanceContrast | 1257.2 | 6720.5 | 10479.4 | 19114.6 |
pillike.EnhanceBrightness | 1267.2 | 6732.6 | 10512.5 | 19060.7 |
pillike.EnhanceSharpness | 1241.9 | 6735.0 | 10433.6 | 19169.2 |
pillike.FilterBlur | 1259.5 | 6661.7 | 10495.7 | 19037.5 |
pillike.FilterSmooth | 1247.8 | 6718.1 | 10483.4 | 19175.0 |
pillike.FilterSmoothMore | 1240.1 | 6690.4 | 10318.6 | 19040.7 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance | 1265.3 | 6717.4 | 10390.9 | 19204.5 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore | 1270.1 | 6728.4 | 10098.6 | 19124.4 |
pillike.FilterFindEdges | 1266.7 | 6751.5 | 10353.5 | 19197.6 |
pillike.FilterContour | 1249.3 | 6694.9 | 10333.1 | 19034.4 |
pillike.FilterEmboss | 1267.5 | 6767.2 | 10476.8 | 19171.0 |
pillike.FilterSharpen | 1271.6 | 6737.6 | 10398.5 | 19048.9 |
pillike.FilterDetail | 1281.0 | 6780.6 | 10496.7 | 19178.6 |
pillike.Affine | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic) | 1295.0 | 6561.1 | 10527.2 | 19141.9 |
Superpixels (max_size=64, linear) | 1257.2 | 6569.5 | 10486.4 | 19180.4 |
Superpixels (max_size=128, linear) | 1260.1 | 6512.3 | 10486.7 | 19117.8 |
Superpixels (max_size=224, linear) | 1280.0 | 6589.3 | 10361.3 | 19276.4 |
UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear) | 1289.5 | 6565.9 | 10375.7 | 19086.6 |
RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols) | 1284.1 | 6565.6 | 10567.1 | 19060.5 |
RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols) | 1282.7 | 6580.6 | 10424.6 | 19091.2 |
Resize (nearest) | 485.9 | 1426.2 | 3312.5 | 5714.1 |
Resize (linear) | 500.5 | 1344.2 | 3064.6 | 5086.9 |
Resize (cubic) | 492.0 | 1267.1 | 2730.4 | 4282.9 |
CropAndPad | 417.4 | 1488.9 | 2927.0 | 5460.7 |
CropAndPad (edge) | 414.1 | 1486.4 | 2919.0 | 5424.1 |
CropAndPad (keep_size) | 337.4 | 855.3 | 1956.8 | 2668.5 |
Crop | 529.6 | 2379.2 | 5026.1 | 13314.0 |
Crop (keep_size) | 406.8 | 1097.0 | 2568.4 | 4182.3 |
Pad | 405.3 | 1367.0 | 2601.9 | 4112.4 |
Pad (edge) | 402.4 | 1365.7 | 2615.3 | 4084.5 |
Pad (keep_size) | 329.1 | 801.9 | 1703.2 | 2199.6 |
PadToFixedSize | 441.9 | 1683.2 | 2947.0 | 5516.7 |
CropToFixedSize | 630.4 | 2987.1 | 5543.8 | 14467.0 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest)) | 402.9 | 1293.7 | 2947.5 | 5232.6 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear)) | 398.9 | 1223.9 | 2707.1 | 4705.7 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic)) | 395.7 | 1160.9 | 2440.0 | 4000.6 |
FastSnowyLandscape | 1266.6 | 6468.7 | 10481.2 | 27221.8 |
Clouds | 719.1 | 5982.0 | 6979.2 | 26382.3 |
Fog | 1284.1 | 6527.3 | 10390.2 | 27196.8 |
CloudLayer | 1268.0 | 6527.0 | 10328.0 | 27134.4 |
Snowflakes | 717.6 | 5974.3 | 6852.2 | 26335.0 |
SnowflakesLayer | 1282.2 | 6503.1 | 10732.7 | 27190.9 |
Rain | 723.3 | 5951.5 | 6901.8 | 26338.2 |
RainLayer | 1189.0 | 6438.2 | 10457.1 | 26940.0 |
Number of heatmap instances per sec for 64x64x5 or 224x224x5 heatmaps on 224x224x3 images:
64x64x5 on 224x224x3 | 224x224x5 on 224x224x3 | |||
Augmenter | B=1 | B=128 | B=1 | B=128 |
Sequential (2xIdentity) | 9479.6 | 44643.9 | 6686.2 | 12329.9 |
Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order) | 8838.1 | 44350.4 | 6157.9 | 12219.4 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity) | 5761.4 | 41319.8 | 4476.3 | 12075.9 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order) | 5650.8 | 41282.8 | 4403.5 | 12002.4 |
OneOf (3xIdentity) | 8207.1 | 43109.2 | 5939.9 | 12246.6 |
Sometimes (Identity) | 6648.8 | 43839.3 | 5117.4 | 11812.5 |
WithChannels ([1,2], Identity) | 7209.9 | 20981.2 | 4221.6 | 4934.3 |
Identity | 10634.7 | 44851.8 | 6913.0 | 11863.2 |
Noop | 10812.0 | 44891.4 | 6843.7 | 11821.0 |
Lambda (return input) | 10379.6 | 44538.3 | 6716.4 | 11875.2 |
AssertLambda (return True) | 10406.7 | 44536.9 | 6684.5 | 12010.4 |
AssertShape (None, H, W, None) | 10172.8 | 43448.8 | 6531.8 | 11835.3 |
ChannelShuffle (0.5) | 10809.8 | 44715.3 | 6822.9 | 12015.4 |
Add | 10884.9 | 44723.0 | 6813.2 | 11959.8 |
AddElementwise | 10892.6 | 45124.3 | 6820.1 | 12056.3 |
AdditiveGaussianNoise | 10807.8 | 44932.5 | 6875.8 | 11965.4 |
AdditiveLaplaceNoise | 10899.7 | 44547.2 | 6768.3 | 12035.2 |
AdditivePoissonNoise | 10874.6 | 44960.6 | 6823.1 | 11952.8 |
Multiply | 10796.3 | 44959.0 | 6762.1 | 12058.5 |
MultiplyElementwise | 10808.7 | 44647.6 | 6663.2 | 12065.8 |
Cutout (1 iter, constant fill) | 10794.6 | 44675.1 | 6814.1 | 12313.6 |
Dropout (1-5%) | 10967.9 | 45085.7 | 6763.8 | 12218.8 |
CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%) | 10756.2 | 44945.9 | 6877.0 | 12306.0 |
Dropout2d (10%) | 6877.6 | 40548.7 | 4915.7 | 11893.2 |
TotalDropout (10%) | 7721.0 | 43625.5 | 5278.8 | 11724.4 |
ReplaceElementwise | 10871.7 | 44826.6 | 6825.3 | 12230.5 |
ImpulseNoise | 10875.7 | 44816.0 | 6867.9 | 12197.7 |
SaltAndPepper | 10822.3 | 45085.0 | 6822.7 | 12302.1 |
CoarseSaltAndPepper | 10853.6 | 44912.4 | 6733.7 | 12260.9 |
Salt | 10791.0 | 44611.6 | 6855.3 | 12216.2 |
CoarseSalt | 10716.2 | 44671.6 | 6870.8 | 12025.3 |
Pepper | 10927.1 | 44671.0 | 6841.2 | 11950.4 |
CoarsePepper | 10821.1 | 52210.9 | 6887.8 | 12050.9 |
Invert (10%) | 10919.3 | 52259.6 | 6815.4 | 11998.8 |
JpegCompression (50-99%) | 10931.5 | 52505.0 | 6866.0 | 12011.2 |
Cartoon | 10725.2 | 52345.4 | 6760.6 | 11951.6 |
BlendAlpha (Identity) | 5298.2 | 23043.2 | 3321.7 | 7732.5 |
BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity) | 2388.4 | 3609.9 | 817.2 | 885.7 |
BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity) | 805.7 | 983.0 | 522.7 | 581.8 |
BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity) | 1002.4 | 1175.6 | 576.3 | 635.6 |
BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity) | 2072.0 | 4275.7 | 811.9 | 958.3 |
BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity) | 2029.2 | 3931.6 | 796.2 | 937.6 |
BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity) | 1941.8 | 3837.9 | 784.0 | 933.9 |
BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity) | 1969.7 | 3689.2 | 791.6 | 918.6 |
GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5)) | 10198.4 | 51930.5 | 6851.0 | 17149.2 |
AverageBlur | 10132.1 | 51763.5 | 6847.4 | 17199.4 |
MedianBlur | 10194.0 | 52130.6 | 6855.1 | 17019.4 |
BilateralBlur | 10216.7 | 52025.7 | 6828.0 | 17151.0 |
MotionBlur | 10093.6 | 52122.1 | 6730.0 | 17167.8 |
MeanShiftBlur | 10282.4 | 53167.2 | 6768.0 | 17232.3 |
RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12)) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
WithColorspace (HSV, Identity) | 9479.7 | 54130.4 | 6536.1 | 17176.2 |
WithBrightnessChannels (Identity) | 9541.3 | 54215.5 | 6539.0 | 17051.5 |
MultiplyAndAddToBrightness | 8581.1 | 54003.0 | 6067.5 | 17132.6 |
MultiplyBrightness | 9410.6 | 54140.9 | 6441.5 | 17076.6 |
AddToBrightness | 8942.4 | 54072.0 | 6467.0 | 17182.3 |
WithHueAndSaturation | 9215.7 | 54148.2 | 6563.7 | 17179.3 |
MultiplyHueAndSaturation | 9366.5 | 54467.8 | 6509.5 | 17183.4 |
MultiplyHue | 6943.9 | 26746.8 | 4158.4 | 6239.5 |
MultiplySaturation | 6890.2 | 26823.7 | 4197.1 | 6472.5 |
RemoveSaturation | 7006.9 | 26702.7 | 4156.0 | 6713.7 |
AddToHueAndSaturation | 10434.8 | 54129.4 | 6822.0 | 11947.3 |
AddToHue | 10711.8 | 54283.0 | 6874.2 | 11804.2 |
AddToSaturation | 10692.0 | 54393.9 | 6828.5 | 11778.8 |
ChangeColorspace (HSV) | 10231.2 | 54213.2 | 6893.0 | 11654.2 |
Grayscale | 10387.7 | 54661.1 | 6841.0 | 11592.4 |
KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 10280.3 | 54353.4 | 6839.4 | 11705.5 |
UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 10292.9 | 54509.9 | 6892.0 | 11685.7 |
UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits) | 10476.1 | 54559.5 | 6755.2 | 11772.9 |
Posterize (1-7 bits) | 10861.3 | 54744.7 | 6867.4 | 11713.7 |
GammaContrast | 10702.7 | 54403.1 | 6854.3 | 11761.0 |
SigmoidContrast | 10696.1 | 54451.1 | 6835.3 | 11672.4 |
LogContrast | 10751.8 | 54098.5 | 6833.4 | 11741.5 |
LinearContrast | 10795.1 | 54349.9 | 6800.9 | 11677.1 |
AllChannelsHistogramEqualization | 10924.1 | 54268.6 | 6849.7 | 11733.0 |
HistogramEqualization | 10917.2 | 54409.1 | 6842.2 | 11783.6 |
AllChannelsCLAHE | 10641.3 | 54403.8 | 6801.7 | 11760.6 |
CLAHE | 10978.3 | 54670.0 | 6883.1 | 11762.7 |
Convolve (3x3) | 10849.8 | 54451.7 | 6804.5 | 11705.1 |
Sharpen | 10718.5 | 54397.6 | 6787.2 | 11731.0 |
Emboss | 10838.0 | 54143.0 | 6800.8 | 11732.0 |
EdgeDetect | 10946.7 | 54154.6 | 6869.1 | 11765.4 |
DirectedEdgeDetect | 10868.6 | 54362.6 | 6835.3 | 11729.0 |
Canny | 10755.1 | 54316.1 | 6844.2 | 11749.8 |
Fliplr (p=100%) | 8516.7 | 49161.0 | 5770.3 | 11449.1 |
Flipud (p=100%) | 8642.8 | 52305.2 | 5804.4 | 11666.6 |
Affine (order=0, constant) | 2045.6 | 5238.8 | 741.0 | 901.4 |
Affine (order=1, constant) | 2114.6 | 5233.6 | 744.4 | 901.3 |
Affine (order=3, constant) | 2100.4 | 5233.6 | 737.4 | 901.0 |
Affine (order=1, edge) | 2080.8 | 5236.2 | 742.8 | 902.7 |
Affine (order=1, constant, skimage) | 1291.6 | 2137.1 | 242.9 | 259.2 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant) | 154.3 | 164.8 | 33.6 | 33.9 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant) | 155.8 | 163.5 | 33.3 | 33.9 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge) | 155.2 | 163.4 | 33.5 | 34.0 |
PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant) | 44.8 | 44.9 | 20.4 | 20.7 |
PerspectiveTransform | 2068.0 | 7401.0 | 921.9 | 1312.8 |
PerspectiveTransform (keep_size) | 1804.2 | 4829.3 | 714.8 | 937.7 |
ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant) | 555.2 | 780.9 | 795.2 | 957.7 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant) | 564.2 | 780.9 | 786.5 | 959.7 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest) | 559.9 | 769.1 | 790.9 | 961.0 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect) | 562.3 | 768.3 | 793.9 | 941.7 |
Rot90 | 5985.0 | 41980.6 | 4621.0 | 15885.2 |
Rot90 (keep_size) | 4596.8 | 16103.2 | 2593.4 | 4184.6 |
WithPolarWarping (Identity) | 4979.9 | 14954.7 | 1712.2 | 1858.7 |
Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step) | 941.8 | 1374.1 | 979.6 | 1140.1 |
AveragePooling | 4129.7 | 14799.8 | 3123.2 | 7185.9 |
AveragePooling (keep_size) | 9947.3 | 53363.1 | 6802.1 | 12185.3 |
MaxPooling | 4227.7 | 14759.2 | 3186.5 | 7430.7 |
MaxPooling (keep_size) | 10198.2 | 53638.1 | 6911.1 | 12373.8 |
MinPooling | 4173.4 | 14975.5 | 3197.2 | 7409.9 |
MinPooling (keep_size) | 10189.7 | 53770.8 | 6820.9 | 12358.7 |
MedianPooling | 4191.0 | 14963.4 | 3192.3 | 7438.3 |
MedianPooling (keep_size) | 10126.2 | 53827.5 | 6842.3 | 12415.4 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5)) | 10233.1 | 54003.5 | 6837.6 | 12430.4 |
imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5)) | 10221.4 | 54116.1 | 6873.2 | 12469.9 |
imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5)) | 10022.6 | 53962.0 | 6829.9 | 12405.0 |
imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5)) | 10101.6 | 53668.1 | 6870.1 | 12524.1 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5)) | 10172.3 | 53560.8 | 6775.9 | 12422.5 |
imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5)) | 10231.6 | 53926.2 | 6845.8 | 12440.6 |
imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5)) | 10112.5 | 53805.7 | 6829.4 | 12550.2 |
imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5)) | 10280.8 | 53881.1 | 6785.1 | 12457.6 |
imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5)) | 10249.5 | 54033.7 | 6732.0 | 12481.9 |
imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5)) | 10220.8 | 53311.2 | 6783.3 | 12475.1 |
imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5)) | 10241.5 | 53901.9 | 6824.1 | 12420.4 |
imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5)) | 10115.0 | 53859.8 | 6931.0 | 12446.7 |
imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5)) | 9988.2 | 53884.5 | 6788.2 | 12430.6 |
imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5)) | 10013.3 | 53899.3 | 6846.6 | 12491.3 |
imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5)) | 10133.9 | 53989.0 | 6870.2 | 12454.8 |
imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5)) | 10163.1 | 54174.7 | 6900.2 | 12497.8 |
imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5)) | 10053.6 | 53886.8 | 6915.4 | 12449.6 |
imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5)) | 10257.9 | 53917.3 | 6833.4 | 12496.9 |
imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5)) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
pillike.Solarize (p=1.0) | 10192.1 | 53982.3 | 6802.0 | 12444.3 |
pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits) | 10227.5 | 53909.2 | 6841.3 | 12487.7 |
pillike.Equalize | 10192.7 | 54064.7 | 6825.1 | 12398.2 |
pillike.Autocontrast | 10071.7 | 53789.6 | 6804.3 | 12508.6 |
pillike.EnhanceColor | 10176.0 | 53758.3 | 6790.1 | 12473.9 |
pillike.EnhanceContrast | 10057.3 | 53764.1 | 6843.7 | 12483.0 |
pillike.EnhanceBrightness | 10137.6 | 53860.6 | 6865.3 | 12447.8 |
pillike.EnhanceSharpness | 9935.5 | 53879.9 | 6813.8 | 12518.6 |
pillike.FilterBlur | 10075.9 | 53293.9 | 6854.4 | 12432.7 |
pillike.FilterSmooth | 9982.0 | 53744.7 | 6846.3 | 12522.5 |
pillike.FilterSmoothMore | 9920.8 | 53523.5 | 6738.7 | 12434.8 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance | 10122.4 | 53739.0 | 6785.9 | 12541.7 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore | 10161.0 | 53826.9 | 6595.0 | 12489.4 |
pillike.FilterFindEdges | 10133.6 | 54011.7 | 6761.5 | 12537.2 |
pillike.FilterContour | 9994.2 | 53559.4 | 6748.1 | 12430.6 |
pillike.FilterEmboss | 10139.8 | 54137.7 | 6842.0 | 12519.8 |
pillike.FilterSharpen | 10172.6 | 53900.8 | 6790.9 | 12440.1 |
pillike.FilterDetail | 10248.3 | 54244.5 | 6855.0 | 12524.8 |
pillike.Affine | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic) | 10359.8 | 52488.8 | 6874.9 | 12500.8 |
Superpixels (max_size=64, linear) | 10057.4 | 52556.2 | 6848.3 | 12526.0 |
Superpixels (max_size=128, linear) | 10080.4 | 52098.7 | 6848.5 | 12485.1 |
Superpixels (max_size=224, linear) | 10239.8 | 52714.2 | 6766.6 | 12588.7 |
UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear) | 10315.7 | 52527.3 | 6775.9 | 12464.7 |
RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols) | 10273.0 | 52524.5 | 6901.0 | 12447.7 |
RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols) | 10261.5 | 52644.6 | 6807.9 | 12467.7 |
Resize (nearest) | 3887.2 | 11409.5 | 2163.3 | 3731.6 |
Resize (linear) | 4004.2 | 10753.6 | 2001.4 | 3322.1 |
Resize (cubic) | 3936.0 | 10136.8 | 1783.1 | 2797.0 |
CropAndPad | 3339.4 | 11911.4 | 1911.5 | 3566.2 |
CropAndPad (edge) | 3312.9 | 11891.2 | 1906.3 | 3542.2 |
CropAndPad (keep_size) | 2699.4 | 6842.7 | 1277.9 | 1742.7 |
Crop | 4236.7 | 19033.3 | 3282.4 | 8694.9 |
Crop (keep_size) | 3254.2 | 8776.2 | 1677.3 | 2731.3 |
Pad | 3242.5 | 10935.9 | 1699.2 | 2685.6 |
Pad (edge) | 3219.3 | 10925.4 | 1708.0 | 2667.4 |
Pad (keep_size) | 2633.0 | 6415.0 | 1112.3 | 1436.5 |
PadToFixedSize | 3535.1 | 13465.6 | 1924.5 | 3602.7 |
CropToFixedSize | 5043.4 | 23896.6 | 3620.4 | 9447.9 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest)) | 3223.5 | 10349.5 | 1924.9 | 3417.2 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear)) | 3191.6 | 9791.4 | 1767.9 | 3073.1 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic)) | 3165.5 | 9287.2 | 1593.5 | 2612.6 |
FastSnowyLandscape | 10132.9 | 51749.5 | 6844.8 | 17777.5 |
Clouds | 5753.1 | 47856.2 | 4557.8 | 17229.3 |
Fog | 10272.6 | 52218.0 | 6785.4 | 17761.2 |
CloudLayer | 10143.9 | 52216.4 | 6744.8 | 17720.4 |
Snowflakes | 5740.8 | 47794.5 | 4474.9 | 17198.4 |
SnowflakesLayer | 10257.8 | 52025.2 | 7009.1 | 17757.3 |
Rain | 5786.5 | 47612.3 | 4507.3 | 17200.5 |
RainLayer | 9512.3 | 51505.4 | 6829.1 | 17593.5 |
Keypoints and Bounding Boxes¶
Numbers below are for keypoints on small and large images.
Each KeypointsOnImage
instance contained 10
Keypoint
instances.
B=1
denotes a batch size of 1
, B=128
one of 128
.
The numbers for bounding boxes can be derived by dividing each value by 4.
Number of augmented Keypoint instances per sec (divide by 10 for KeypointsOnImage instances):
10 KPs on 224x224x3 | ||
Augmenter | B=1 | B=128 |
Sequential (2xIdentity) | 37012.5 | 1082118.9 |
Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order) | 29576.2 | 1018050.4 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity) | 14592.0 | 524940.8 |
SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order) | 14223.8 | 518189.2 |
OneOf (3xIdentity) | 26817.8 | 734837.0 |
Sometimes (Identity) | 18553.2 | 818134.7 |
WithChannels ([1,2], Identity) | 33973.0 | 569703.3 |
Identity | 42157.2 | 1072697.7 |
Noop | 42000.7 | 1069077.8 |
Lambda (return input) | 38945.8 | 1036321.0 |
AssertLambda (return True) | 37957.5 | 1032700.9 |
AssertShape (None, H, W, None) | 34536.2 | 805366.0 |
ChannelShuffle (0.5) | 41079.3 | 1064524.5 |
Add | 41118.5 | 1065848.9 |
AddElementwise | 40655.1 | 1059295.9 |
AdditiveGaussianNoise | 40977.6 | 1048931.1 |
AdditiveLaplaceNoise | 40870.1 | 1064200.9 |
AdditivePoissonNoise | 40427.3 | 1056247.5 |
Multiply | 40921.6 | 1054364.0 |
MultiplyElementwise | 40417.9 | 1065871.4 |
Cutout (1 iter, constant fill) | 41902.8 | 1063992.8 |
Dropout (1-5%) | 40515.3 | 1052003.2 |
CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%) | 40723.5 | 1057345.9 |
Dropout2d (10%) | 15761.6 | 460892.5 |
TotalDropout (10%) | 19089.1 | 817259.6 |
ReplaceElementwise | 40863.7 | 996760.1 |
ImpulseNoise | 41210.6 | 983126.4 |
SaltAndPepper | 42135.2 | 993933.0 |
CoarseSaltAndPepper | 41175.5 | 1003854.8 |
Salt | 41061.6 | 1001330.9 |
CoarseSalt | 40894.0 | 988559.6 |
Pepper | 41267.4 | 1006313.5 |
CoarsePepper | 41782.6 | 1005808.2 |
Invert (10%) | 41179.3 | 1013027.7 |
JpegCompression (50-99%) | 41222.5 | 1002183.3 |
Cartoon | 41742.7 | 1016170.7 |
BlendAlpha (Identity) | 13638.3 | 231006.1 |
BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity) | 7628.0 | 15529.5 |
BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity) | 1805.8 | 2281.7 |
BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity) | 2417.1 | 2942.4 |
BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity) | n/a | n/a |
BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity) | 6762.3 | 24122.5 |
BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity) | 6420.3 | 19841.8 |
BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity) | 6007.6 | 18590.6 |
BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity) | 6039.8 | 16668.2 |
GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5)) | 40927.0 | 1086402.0 |
AverageBlur | 41359.6 | 1067578.3 |
MedianBlur | 41554.1 | 1071704.2 |
BilateralBlur | 41461.5 | 1077808.8 |
MotionBlur | 41110.4 | 1076676.1 |
MeanShiftBlur | 41129.7 | 1062169.5 |
RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12)) | n/a | n/a |
WithColorspace (HSV, Identity) | 36815.8 | 1046132.3 |
WithBrightnessChannels (Identity) | 36561.2 | 1039062.1 |
MultiplyAndAddToBrightness | 28022.1 | 964196.3 |
MultiplyBrightness | 35559.8 | 1017404.7 |
AddToBrightness | 35527.7 | 1022234.8 |
WithHueAndSaturation | 35777.0 | 1024870.5 |
MultiplyHueAndSaturation | 35910.5 | 1021646.0 |
MultiplyHue | 29659.9 | 592502.1 |
MultiplySaturation | 28923.3 | 600158.0 |
RemoveSaturation | 29378.7 | 598766.6 |
AddToHueAndSaturation | 40986.2 | 1119725.2 |
AddToHue | 41381.9 | 1103111.1 |
AddToSaturation | 41058.4 | 1114935.0 |
ChangeColorspace (HSV) | 40768.4 | 1117990.4 |
Grayscale | 41099.1 | 1100846.1 |
KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 42215.3 | 1103010.2 |
UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors) | 41109.3 | 1112418.4 |
UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits) | 41959.8 | 1096977.3 |
Posterize (1-7 bits) | 41053.5 | 1095550.6 |
GammaContrast | 41231.7 | 1080049.3 |
SigmoidContrast | 40382.1 | 1100256.5 |
LogContrast | 40291.1 | 1106150.6 |
LinearContrast | 41104.0 | 1107891.5 |
AllChannelsHistogramEqualization | 40714.5 | 1080249.2 |
HistogramEqualization | 41734.9 | 1090530.2 |
AllChannelsCLAHE | 41319.9 | 1100346.7 |
CLAHE | 41405.8 | 1114551.1 |
Convolve (3x3) | 41350.9 | 1102244.4 |
Sharpen | 40292.7 | 1104893.9 |
Emboss | 41969.9 | 1100852.1 |
EdgeDetect | 40670.9 | 1103836.8 |
DirectedEdgeDetect | 40743.0 | 1106445.4 |
Canny | 40905.1 | 1091215.8 |
Fliplr (p=100%) | 23140.1 | 706230.7 |
Flipud (p=100%) | 23031.6 | 699545.0 |
Affine (order=0, constant) | 6562.1 | 33646.8 |
Affine (order=1, constant) | 6531.6 | 33854.2 |
Affine (order=3, constant) | 6551.7 | 33967.8 |
Affine (order=1, edge) | 6539.0 | 34790.0 |
Affine (order=1, constant, skimage) | 6545.8 | 34800.9 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant) | 124.5 | 128.0 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant) | 124.9 | 125.9 |
PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge) | 124.5 | 126.0 |
PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant) | 56.8 | 57.1 |
PerspectiveTransform | 7538.8 | 65378.6 |
PerspectiveTransform (keep_size) | 6866.2 | 34643.2 |
ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant) | 1443.7 | 1698.9 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant) | 1403.2 | 1699.2 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest) | 1387.6 | 1703.0 |
ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect) | 1438.2 | 1724.1 |
Rot90 | 15168.5 | 332321.6 |
Rot90 (keep_size) | 14909.9 | 326491.3 |
WithPolarWarping (Identity) | 15354.0 | 103429.7 |
Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step) | 5414.4 | 11859.6 |
AveragePooling | 10527.7 | 58352.0 |
AveragePooling (keep_size) | 40770.0 | 1077687.6 |
MaxPooling | 10744.3 | 57821.0 |
MaxPooling (keep_size) | 40547.7 | 1083825.7 |
MinPooling | 10595.1 | 57142.4 |
MinPooling (keep_size) | 40991.0 | 1081313.9 |
MedianPooling | 10725.2 | 57799.0 |
MedianPooling (keep_size) | 40305.6 | 1084803.9 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5)) | 40730.9 | 1087593.4 |
imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5)) | 41105.6 | 1074974.5 |
imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5)) | 40888.7 | 1092987.1 |
imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5)) | 40711.9 | 1070581.5 |
imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5)) | 40999.5 | 1082354.5 |
imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5)) | 41458.0 | 1080668.9 |
imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5)) | 40992.6 | 1078547.8 |
imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5)) | 42025.0 | 1043556.9 |
imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5)) | 40322.1 | 1090790.9 |
imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5)) | 41586.4 | 1074558.5 |
imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5)) | 40853.3 | 1090004.7 |
imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5)) | 40003.9 | 1086178.6 |
imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5)) | 41532.1 | 1076336.5 |
imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5)) | 40690.3 | 1089199.7 |
imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5)) | 41673.2 | 1078498.0 |
imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5)) | 40142.6 | 1082613.8 |
imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5)) | 41298.2 | 1090813.8 |
imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5)) | 40576.9 | 1078943.8 |
imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5)) | n/a | n/a |
pillike.Solarize (p=1.0) | 40884.9 | 1050872.0 |
pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits) | 41180.4 | 1079403.7 |
pillike.Equalize | 40595.3 | 1093551.1 |
pillike.Autocontrast | 40986.2 | 1083557.4 |
pillike.EnhanceColor | 41340.6 | 1095687.7 |
pillike.EnhanceContrast | 41217.6 | 1082945.4 |
pillike.EnhanceBrightness | 41036.4 | 1084161.3 |
pillike.EnhanceSharpness | 41666.4 | 1102461.7 |
pillike.FilterBlur | 40530.9 | 1093928.5 |
pillike.FilterSmooth | 41571.7 | 1092077.1 |
pillike.FilterSmoothMore | 40467.9 | 1099664.6 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance | 40796.9 | 1084941.3 |
pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore | 41247.9 | 1092474.1 |
pillike.FilterFindEdges | 41696.2 | 1096042.6 |
pillike.FilterContour | 40493.4 | 1092456.3 |
pillike.FilterEmboss | 41637.7 | 1099112.3 |
pillike.FilterSharpen | 41646.0 | 1098764.4 |
pillike.FilterDetail | 40681.9 | 1104490.8 |
pillike.Affine | n/a | n/a |
Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic) | 42058.7 | 1086970.3 |
Superpixels (max_size=64, linear) | 40705.6 | 1090370.0 |
Superpixels (max_size=128, linear) | 41916.8 | 1093384.5 |
Superpixels (max_size=224, linear) | 41026.1 | 1056588.1 |
UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear) | 41827.0 | 1070845.2 |
RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols) | 40995.0 | 1074150.0 |
RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols) | 41378.2 | 1109759.1 |
Resize (nearest) | 11282.7 | 53402.6 |
Resize (linear) | 11297.8 | 53518.4 |
Resize (cubic) | 11210.7 | 52994.5 |
CropAndPad | 8939.7 | 79988.7 |
CropAndPad (edge) | 8870.1 | 79660.3 |
CropAndPad (keep_size) | 7565.8 | 33852.5 |
Crop | 10042.0 | 80279.6 |
Crop (keep_size) | 8376.0 | 34519.8 |
Pad | 8946.2 | 79155.3 |
Pad (edge) | 8950.1 | 79899.8 |
Pad (keep_size) | 7589.9 | 34261.0 |
PadToFixedSize | 10459.6 | 255851.2 |
CropToFixedSize | 13165.0 | 269638.4 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest)) | 8923.0 | 55861.6 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear)) | 8876.8 | 55959.4 |
KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic)) | 8877.9 | 56122.5 |
FastSnowyLandscape | 39966.1 | 1080643.5 |
Clouds | 14326.3 | 548492.1 |
Fog | 41600.9 | 1069986.2 |
CloudLayer | 40820.5 | 1085618.5 |
Snowflakes | 14110.5 | 536123.0 |
SnowflakesLayer | 40336.6 | 1086376.4 |
Rain | 13720.2 | 533951.5 |
RainLayer | 40263.1 | 1086607.3 |